Based on the information gathered in the inventory, an assessment is made to determine which economic sectors are growing and declining locally and which sectors should be encouraged to develop in order to complement or diversify the existing economic base of the community. Using information obtained in the Population Element and other elements of the plan, an assessment is made to determine whether jobs available in the community are appropriate for the residents in terms of skill and education levels required, commuting patterns, wages paid, etc., and, if not, what options are available to improve the existing economic situation (i.e., programs of business development, attraction and diversification, or job training). In addition, this analysis determines whether existing local economic development programs and tools or community attributes need to be improved to foster economic development.
The result of this assessment is considered in the development of needs and goals and an associated implementation strategy that set forth a plan for economic development in terms of how much growth is desired, what can be done to support retention and expansion of existing businesses, what types of new businesses and industries will be encouraged to locate in the community, what incentives if any will be offered to encourage economic development, whether educational and/or job training programs will be initiated or expanded, and what infrastructure improvements will be made to support economic development goals during the planning period.
This chapter presents a combined economic
development element for
Minimum planning standards require a rather
extensive analysis of local labor force characteristics, which are provided
for
| PRIVATE CHARACTERISTIC |
1970 |
1980 |
1990 |
| Total labor force |
6,106 |
8,270 |
9,499 |
| Armed forces |
5 |
6 |
10 |
| Total civilian labor force |
6,101 |
8,264 |
9,489 |
| Total civilian employed |
6,005 |
7,682 |
9,091 |
| Total civilian unemployed |
96 |
582 |
398 |
| Percent civilian unemployed |
1.6 |
7.0 |
4.2 |
| Total not in labor force |
4,610 |
5,386 |
5,904 |
| Total female civilian labor force |
2,337 |
3,691 |
4,512 |
| Unemployed civilian females |
41 |
248 |
132 |
| Female percent unemployed |
1.8 |
7.2 |
2.9 |
| Females not in labor force |
3,345 |
3,456 |
3,604 |
| Total male civilian labor force |
3,764 |
4,573 |
4,977 |
| Unemployed civilian males |
55 |
334 |
266 |
| Male percent unemployed |
1.5 |
7.3 |
5.3 |
| Males not in labor force |
1,265 |
1,930 |
2,300 |
Source:
Hartwell's labor force increased slightly from 1970 and 1980 but then witnessed a slight decrease (125 persons) between 1980 and 1990. None was employed in the armed forces. Unlike the nation, state and county, Hartwell's labor force was majority female in 1990. The unemployment rate for females in 1990 in Hartwell was less than half of the unemployment rate for females in the state as a whole, while the male unemployment rate was slightly less in 1990. 1990 unemployment rates were significantly less in Hartwell in 1990 than the county, state and nation.
| PRIVATE CHARACTERISTIC |
1970 |
1980 |
1990 |
| Total labor force |
1,963 |
2,107 |
1,982 |
| Armed forces |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Total civilian labor force |
1,963 |
2,107 |
1,982 |
| Total civilian employed |
1,946 |
1,920 |
1,902 |
| Total civilian unemployed |
17 |
187 |
80 |
| Percent civilian unemployed |
0.9 |
8.9 |
4.0 |
| Total not in labor force |
1,450 |
1,557 |
1,628 |
| Total female civilian labor force |
822 |
993 |
1,053 |
| Unemployed civilian females |
6 |
66 |
33 |
| Female percent unemployed |
0.7 |
6.6 |
3.1 |
| Females not in labor force |
1,068 |
1,102 |
1,079 |
| Total male civilian labor force |
1,141 |
1,114 |
929 |
| Unemployed civilian males |
11 |
121 |
47 |
| Male percent unemployed |
1.0 |
10.9 |
5.1 |
| Males not in labor force |
382 |
455 |
549 |
Source:
Bowersville's labor force increased by 20 persons from 138 in 1980 to 158 in 1990. The 8.2% unemployment rate in 1990 was much higher than the county, nation and state. Like Hartwell, Bowersville's labor force was majority female in 1990. The civilian female unemployment rate was a somewhat alarming 10.6% in 1990, although percentages based on a labor force of only 158 persons can be deceiving.
| PRIVATE CHARACTERISTIC |
1980 |
1990 |
| Total labor force |
138 |
158 |
| Armed forces |
0 |
0 |
| Total civilian labor force |
138 |
158 |
| Total civilian employed |
134 |
145 |
| Total civilian unemployed |
4 |
13 |
| Percent civilian unemployed |
2.9 |
8.2 |
| Total not in labor force |
130 |
73 |
| Total female civilian labor force |
65 |
85 |
| Unemployed civilian females |
2 |
9 |
| Female percent unemployed |
3.1 |
10.6 |
| Females not in labor force |
81 |
44 |
| Total male civilian labor force |
73 |
73 |
| Unemployed civilian males |
2 |
4 |
| Male percent unemployed |
2.7 |
5.5 |
| Males not in labor force |
49 |
29 |
Source:
| PRIVATE CHARACTERISTIC |
UNITED STATES |
|
HART COUNTY |
CITY OF HARTWELL |
TOWN OF BOWERSVILLE |
| Percent of total labor force in Armed Services |
1.4 |
2.2 |
0.1 |
-- |
-- |
| Percent of total labor force in civilian labor force |
98.6 |
97.8 |
99.9 |
100 |
100 |
| Percent civilian labor force, females |
45.7 |
47.0 |
47.5 |
53.1 |
53.8 |
| Percent civilian labor force, males |
54.3 |
53.0 |
52.5 |
46.9 |
46.2 |
| Female unemployment rate (civilian) |
6.2 |
6.4 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
10.6 |
| Male unemployment rate (civilian) |
6.4 |
5.2 |
5.3 |
5.1 |
5.5 |
| Percent of females 16 years and over in labor force |
56.8 |
59.9 |
55.6 |
49.4 |
65.9 |
| Percent of males 16 years and over in labor force |
74.4 |
76.6 |
68.4 |
62.9 |
71.6 |
| Percent of total persons 16 years and over in labor force |
65.3 |
67.9 |
61.7 |
54.9 |
68.4 |
Source:United States Department of Commerce. Bureau of Census 1990. Census of Population and Housing. STF 3A.
With the exceptions of 1980 and 1990,
| PRIVATE JURISDICTION |
1982 |
1983 |
1984 |
1985 |
1986 |
1987 |
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
1993 |
1994 |
| |
9.7 |
9.6 |
7.5 |
7.2 |
7.0 |
6.2 |
5.5 |
5.3 |
5.5 |
6.0 |
5.1 |
| |
7.8 |
7.5 |
6.0 |
6.5 |
5.9 |
5.5 |
5.8 |
5.5 |
5.4 |
5.3 |
4.4 |
| |
12.5 |
11.1 |
9.7 |
10.9 |
8.9 |
7.7 |
7.7 |
7.3 |
7.9 |
9.0 |
8.1 |
| |
9.5 |
8.1 |
7.0 |
7.2 |
7.5 |
5.5 |
5.3 |
6.5 |
6.4 |
4.9 |
3.9 |
| |
9.5 |
8.2 |
6.1 |
7.0 |
5.8 |
4.5 |
4.7 |
4.8 |
5.7 |
6.7 |
4.1 |
| |
8.5 |
8.1 |
5.0 |
8.0 |
5.8 |
4.9 |
5.1 |
5.0 |
6.1 |
5.2 |
4.4 |
Source:Compiled by Georgia Department
of Community Affairs, In "Data For Planning" booklet,
Table 4-6 provides recent labor force estimates for Hart and surrounding counties. Approximately 40,000 persons comprise the area labor force. Each county in Table 4-6 has witnessed some fluctuations in total labor force figures in recent years.
| PRIVATE COUNTY |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
1993 |
1994 |
| Elbert |
8,972 |
8,675 |
8,491 |
8,625 |
8,794 |
| |
9,876 |
9,252 |
9,531 |
8,902 |
9,236 |
| Hart |
10,566 |
10,989 |
10,719 |
9,295 |
9,600 |
| |
10,630 |
10,999 |
10,690 |
11,347 |
11,511 |
| Total |
40,044 |
39,915 |
39,431 |
38,259 |
39,141 |
Source:
| PRIVATE AGE GROUP |
1995 |
2000 |
2005 |
2010 |
2015 |
| 16 - 19 |
640 |
510 |
510 |
525 |
510 |
| 20 - 24 |
1,220 |
1,080 |
885 |
870 |
915 |
| 25 - 34 |
2,600 |
2,535 |
2,340 |
2,015 |
1,810 |
| 35 - 44 |
2,650 |
2,850 |
2,880 |
2,790 |
2,610 |
| 45 - 54 |
2,190 |
2,430 |
2,750 |
2,960 |
3,175 |
| 55 - 64 |
1,450 |
1,510 |
1,810 |
2,180 |
2,480 |
| 65+ |
440 |
520 |
580 |
650 |
755 |
| Total |
11,190 |
11,435 |
11,755 |
11,990 |
12,255 |
Source:1995 projections from the Georgia Department of Labor, Area Labor Profile, Other projections by Georgia Mountains RDC, 1992.
Numerous findings and implications concerning the labor force projections in Table 4-7 are worthy of note here. First, it is noted that the labor force projections were calculated from the age-specific population projections in chapter three. Based on the 1995 Department of Labor projections, a percentage (ratio) of working persons to total persons in each age category was calculated and used for the other projections.
The total civilian labor force in
These age-specific labor force may somewhat exaggerate the "aging in place" of the local labor force due to the inherent problems with the cohort survival population projection method utilized in chapter three. Another possible limitation of the civilian labor force projections is that the numbers for workers 45 years and over may be larger than anticipated in Hart County because many of the older persons in (or moving into) Hart County are retired and semi-retired persons. For this reason, the projections may in this sense be higher than what might actually be anticipated.
Should the civilian labor force projections
actually hold true in the future, there are some important implications.
New higher paying industries (employers) will need to be recruited to locate
in
Another implication of the labor force projections is that, with an aging labor force, new jobs geared toward the ability of older workers will be needed.
Community survey results emphasize the need
for new jobs in
In addition to forecasting the future labor
force numbers, it is important to comprehend the occupations and industries
within which residents of
Employment by occupation of local residents
is provided for
| PRIVATE OCCUPATION |
1970 |
% |
1980 |
% |
1990 |
% |
| Executive, administrative, managerial |
382 |
6.4 |
462 |
6.0 |
590 |
6.5 |
| Professional specialty |
189 |
3.1 |
585 |
7.6 |
640 |
7.0 |
| Technicians, related support |
180 |
3.0 |
128 |
1.7 |
143 |
1.6 |
| Sales |
362 |
6.0 |
573 |
7.5 |
765 |
8.4 |
| Administrative support |
478 |
8.0 |
672 |
8.8 |
1,148 |
12.6 |
| Services |
615 |
10.2 |
756 |
9.8 |
848 |
9.3 |
| Farming, forestry, fishing |
310 |
5.2 |
258 |
3.4 |
361 |
4.0 |
| Precision production, craft, repair |
898 |
15.0 |
1,182 |
15.4 |
1,586 |
17.4 |
| Machine operators, assemblers, inspectors |
2,140 |
35.6 |
2,385 |
31.0 |
2,279 |
25.1 |
| Transportation, material moving |
207 |
3.4 |
262 |
3.4 |
277 |
3.1 |
| Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, laborers |
244 |
4.1 |
419 |
5.4 |
454 |
5.0 |
| Total employed, 16 years and over |
6,005 |
100 |
7,682 |
100 |
9,091 |
100 |
Source:
Somewhat surprisingly, the occupational profile
of
This is not to de-emphasize the important
occupational changes that have taken place in
Certain white collar occupations, particularly
professional specialists, sales, and administrative support, have increased
substantially in total numbers. On a percentage basis, however, both professional
specialists and service workers declined between 1980 and 1990. While employment
of resident service workers has increased in total numbers from 1970 to 1990,
the percentage of the total resident workforce in service occupations has
actually declined over time. This appears to be highly uncommon in that most
local labor forces have witnessed substantial increases in the percentages
of service workers. The decrease in the percentage of service workers is
perhaps due to the relatively underdeveloped service economy in
CITY OF
| PRIVATE OCCUPATION |
1980 |
% |
1990 |
% |
NET CHANGE 1980-1990 |
| Executive, administrative, managerial |
146 |
7.6 |
152 |
8.0 |
6 |
| Professional specialty |
167 |
8.7 |
143 |
7.5 |
-24 |
| Technicians, related support |
12 |
0.6 |
19 |
1.0 |
7 |
| Sales |
142 |
7.4 |
119 |
6.2 |
-23 |
| Administrative support |
150 |
7.8 |
246 |
13.0 |
96 |
| PRIVATE Household |
43 |
2.2 |
35 |
1.8 |
-8 |
| Services |
211 |
11.0 |
245 |
13.0 |
34 |
| Farming, forestry, fishing |
6 |
0.3 |
0 |
-- |
-6 |
| Precision production, craft, repair |
303 |
15.8 |
248 |
13.0 |
-55 |
| Machine operators, assemblers, inspectors |
610 |
31.8 |
497 |
26.1 |
-113 |
| Transportation, material moving |
65 |
3.4 |
51 |
2.7 |
-14 |
| Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, laborers |
65 |
3.4 |
147 |
7.7 |
82 |
| Total employed, 16 years and over |
1,920 |
100 |
1,902 |
100 |
-- |
Source:
Hartwell's resident labor force has also
undergone some important changes in occupational profiles between 1980 and
1990, not all of which are consistent with occupational changes in
Whereas sales occupations have increased
in numbers and percentages in
On the other hand, Hartwell's occupational
changes have been similar to those of
TOWN OF
| PRIVATE OCCUPATION |
1980 |
% |
1990 |
% |
| Executive, administrative, managerial |
14 |
10.4 |
6 |
4.1 |
| Professional specialty |
8 |
5.9 |
13 |
9.0 |
| Technicians, related support |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
| Sales |
12 |
9.0 |
22 |
15.2 |
| Administrative support |
14 |
10.4 |
28 |
19.3 |
| PRIVATE Household |
9 |
6.7 |
- |
- |
| Services |
2 |
1.5 |
9 |
6.2 |
| Farming, forestry, fishing |
6 |
4.5 |
7 |
4.8 |
| Precision production, craft, repair |
19 |
14.1 |
19 |
13.2 |
| Machine operators, assemblers, inspectors |
38 |
28.6 |
27 |
18.6 |
| Transportation, material moving |
8 |
5.9 |
7 |
4.8 |
| Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, laborers |
4 |
3.0 |
7 |
4.8 |
| Total employed, 16 years and over |
134 |
100 |
145 |
100 |
Source:
Bowersville's labor force increased by 11 persons from 1980 to 1990. Most of the change in occupations between 1980 and 1990 has occurred due to increases in sales and administrative support occupations and a decrease in machine operator occupations. Hence, it appears that Bowersville's occupational changes over the last decade have been consistent with the general transition from an industrial to a service-based economy.
A summary comparison of occupational employment for 1990 in the nation, state, county and cities is provided in Table 4-11.
(In Percentages)
| PRIVATE OCCUPATION |
|
|
|
HARTWELL |
BOWERSVILLE |
| Executive, administrative, managerial |
12.3 |
12.3 |
6.5 |
8.0 |
4.1 |
| Professional specialty |
14.1 |
12.4 |
7.0 |
7.5 |
9.0 |
| Technicians, related support |
3.7 |
3.6 |
1.6 |
1.0 |
-- |
| Sales |
11.8 |
12.3 |
8.4 |
6.2 |
15.2 |
| Administrative support |
16.3 |
16.0 |
12.6 |
13.0 |
19.3 |
| PRIVATE Household |
0.4 |
0.5 |
-- |
1.8 |
-- |
| Services |
12.8 |
11.5 |
9.3 |
13.0 |
6.2 |
| Farming, forestry, fishing |
2.5 |
2.2 |
4.0 |
-- |
4.8 |
| Precision production, craft, repair |
11.3 |
11.9 |
17.4 |
13.0 |
13.2 |
| Machine operators, assemblers, inspectors |
6.8 |
8.5 |
25.1 |
26.1 |
18.6 |
| Transportation, material moving |
4.1 |
4.6 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
4.8 |
| Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, laborers |
3.9 |
4.2 |
5.0 |
7.7 |
4.8 |
Source:
Tape File 3A.
Generally, the major difference between the
occupational profiles of the nation and state, on one hand, and Hart County/Hartwell
on the other, is that the local labor forces are substantially more "blue
collar" and significantly less "white collar". Hartwell and
4.4. Employment By Industry.
Employment categorized by type of industry
is provided for
| PRIVATE INDUSTRY |
1970 |
% |
1980 |
% |
1990 |
% |
| Agriculture, forestry, fisheries |
351 |
5.8 |
292 |
3.8 |
349 |
3.8 |
| Mining |
33 |
0.6 |
- |
- |
94 |
1.0 |
| Construction |
484 |
8.1 |
573 |
7.5 |
551 |
6.1 |
| Manufacturing |
2,914 |
48.5 |
3,783 |
49.2 |
3,994 |
43.9 |
| Transportation, Communication, Utilities |
178 |
3.0 |
219 |
2.9 |
412 |
4.5 |
| Wholesale Trade |
97 |
1.6 |
175 |
2.3 |
211 |
2.3 |
| Retail Trade |
777 |
12.9 |
885 |
11.5 |
1,201 |
13.2 |
| Finance, Insurance, Real Estate |
115 |
1.9 |
183 |
2.4 |
198 |
2.2 |
| Services |
938 |
15.6 |
1,396 |
18.2 |
1,828 |
20.2 |
| Public Administration |
118 |
2.0 |
176 |
2.2 |
253 |
2.8 |
| Total employed, 16 years and over |
6,005 |
100 |
7,682 |
100 |
9,091 |
100 |
Source:
Housing. Summary Tape File 3A. 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics.
Manufacturing is overwhelmingly the largest-employing
industry of
CITY OF
| PRIVATE INDUSTRY |
1980 |
% |
1990 |
% |
NET CHANGE 1980-1990 |
| Agriculture, forestry, fisheries |
4 |
0.2 |
8 |
0.4 |
4 |
| Mining |
-- |
-- |
27 |
1.4 |
27 |
| Construction |
99 |
5.2 |
88 |
4.6 |
-11 |
| Manufacturing |
1,059 |
55.2 |
906 |
47.6 |
-153 |
| Transportation, Communication, Utilities |
46 |
2.4 |
53 |
2.8 |
7 |
| Wholesale Trade |
36 |
1.9 |
26 |
1.4 |
-10 |
| Retail Trade |
173 |
9.0 |
187 |
9.8 |
14 |
| Finance, Insurance, Real Estate |
56 |
2.9 |
23 |
1.2 |
-33 |
| Services |
392 |
20.4 |
495 |
26.0 |
103 |
| Public Administration |
55 |
2.8 |
89 |
4.8 |
34 |
| Total employed, 16 years and over |
1,920 |
100 |
1,902 |
100 |
-18 |
Source:
Hartwell residents are like
TOWN OF
| PRIVATE INDUSTRY |
1980 |
% |
1990 |
% |
| Agriculture, forestry, fisheries |
16 |
11.9 |
11 |
7.6 |
| Mining |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Construction |
17 |
12.7 |
16 |
11.0 |
| Manufacturing |
54 |
40.3 |
49 |
33.8 |
| Transportation, Communication, Utilities |
5 |
3.7 |
9 |
6.1 |
| Wholesale Trade |
0 |
- |
2 |
1.4 |
| Retail Trade |
21 |
15.7 |
30 |
20.7 |
| Finance, Insurance, Real Estate |
2 |
1.5 |
4 |
2.8 |
| Services |
19 |
14.2 |
22 |
15.2 |
| Public Administration |
0 |
- |
2 |
1.4 |
| Total employed, 16 years and over |
134 |
100 |
145 |
100 |
Source:
Summary Tape File 3
Bowersville's labor force has not changed significantly from 1980 to 1990, except for an increase in retail trade employment.
(In Percentages)
| PRIVATE INDUSTRY |
|
|
|
HARTWELL |
BOWERSVILLE |
| Agriculture, forestry, fisheries |
2.7 |
2.4 |
3.8 |
0.4 |
7.6 |
| Mining |
0.6 |
0.3 |
1.0 |
1.4 |
-- |
| Construction |
6.2 |
6.9 |
6.1 |
4.6 |
11.0 |
| Manufacturing |
17.7 |
19.0 |
43.9 |
47.6 |
33.8 |
| Transportation, Communication, Utilities |
7.1 |
8.5 |
4.5 |
2.8 |
6.1 |
| Wholesale Trade |
4.4 |
5.1 |
2.3 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
| Retail Trade |
16.8 |
16.5 |
13.2 |
9.8 |
20.7 |
| Finance, Insurance, Real Estate |
6.9 |
6.5 |
2.2 |
1.2 |
2.8 |
| Services |
32.7 |
29.4 |
20.2 |
26.0 |
15.2 |
| Public Administration |
4.9 |
5.4 |
2.8 |
4.8 |
1.4 |
| Total |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
Source:
As the percentages in Table 4-15 indicate,
the workforces in
4.5. Commuting Patterns.
The areas where the working residents of
| PRIVATE AREA WORKED |
|
| In
|
6,329 |
| Outside
|
2,549 |
| Worked Outside of State |
387 |
Source:
County-to-county commuting patterns are provided
in Table 4-17 (where
| PRIVATE COUNTY
|
1980 |
1990 |
||
|
|
NUMBER |
% |
NUMBER |
% |
| Hart |
4,525 |
60 |
6,352 |
71.3 |
| |
1,060 |
14 |
1,115 |
12.5 |
| |
508 |
7 |
345 |
3.9 |
| Elbert |
308 |
4 |
293 |
3.3 |
| Clarke |
123 |
2 |
269 |
3.0 |
| Stephens |
119 |
2 |
88 |
1.0 |
| |
48 |
1 |
25 |
0.3 |
| |
18 |
- |
42 |
0.5 |
| Not Reported/Other |
892 |
12 |
382 |
4.2 |
| TOTAL RESIDENTS |
7,601 |
100 |
8,911 |
100 |
Source:
Both the number and percentage of
| PRIVATE |
1980 |
1990 |
||
|
|
NUMBER |
% |
NUMBER |
% |
| Hart |
4,525 |
84 |
6,352 |
81.9 |
| |
384 |
7 |
487 |
6.3 |
| Elbert |
154 |
3 |
481 |
6.2 |
| |
101 |
2 |
142 |
1.8 |
| |
53 |
1 |
90 |
1.2 |
| Stephens |
34 |
1 |
59 |
0.8 |
| Gwinnett |
26 |
- |
13 |
0.2 |
| |
16 |
- |
14 |
0.2 |
| Other |
90 |
2 |
116 |
1.4 |
| TOTAL WORKING IN |
5,383 |
100 |
7,754 |
100 |
Source:
The percentage of jobs in
Two indicators of the local work force's
skill levels are the number of area vocational/technical school trainees,
as indicated in Table 4-19, and the number of active applicants from
TABLE 4-19: 1990 VOCATIONAL/TECHNICAL SCHOOL
TRAINEES BY TYPE OF PROGRAM HART
| AVAILABLE FOR PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM |
AVAILABLE FOR EMPLOYMENT |
| RETAILING TECHNOLOGY HEALTHTRADE/INDUSTRIAL BUSINESS/OFFICES Welding &
cutting 6 |
|
| NOTES: 1)Schools were selected for inclusion if they were located within 50 miles of the county under consideration. Data shown are combined figures from the following schools: Gainesville College, Lanier Technical Institute, and Athens Area Technical Institute. 2)"Available for employment" includes persons who have undergone the training necessary to satisfy their occupational goals, regardless of whether they completed all program requirements. Data are from the Post-secondary End-of-Year Placement Percentage Report for all of FY 1989. SOURCE:Operations Unit, Office of Vocational Education. As reported by Georgia Department of Labor, Publication #147-90. |
|
| PRIVATE OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORY |
1990 |
1991 |
| Professional, technical, and managerial |
43 |
50 |
| Clerical and sales |
66 |
102 |
| Service |
49 |
65 |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing, etc. |
4 |
4 |
| Processing |
43 |
33 |
| Machine trades |
64 |
111 |
| Benchwork |
52 |
78 |
| Structural work |
84 |
129 |
| Miscellaneous occupations |
64 |
63 |
| TOTALS |
469 |
635 |
Source:
The types of income received by households
in
Income sources have apparently not changed
significantly for
testimony to the influx of retirees to
Projected figures (Table 4-21A) show a decline
in the percentage of wage and salary households and tremendous increase in
household receiving transfer payments. The increase in transfer payments
in
Bowersville's data is not very revealing since the number of households declined during the decade (See Table 4-23).
TABLE 4-21: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS AND MEAN INCOME BY INCOME TYPE 1979 AND 1989
|
INCOME TYPE |
1979 |
1989 |
||||
|
TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS |
% |
MEAN INCOME |
TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS |
% |
MEAN INCOME |
|
| Wage or Salary |
4,633 |
73.5 |
14,593 |
5,518 |
74.0 |
27,430 |
| Non-Farm Self-Employment |
628 |
10.0 |
9,286 |
766 |
10.3 |
20,655 |
| Farm Self-Employment |
437 |
6.9 |
4,110 |
249 |
3.3 |
11,021 |
| Interest, Dividend, Net-Rental |
1,625 |
25.8 |
2,302 |
N/A |
- |
N/A |
| Social Security |
1,994 |
31.6 |
3,599 |
2,447 |
32.8 |
7,047 |
| Public Assistance |
751 |
11.9 |
2,209 |
696 |
9.3 |
2,933 |
| All Other * |
1,373 |
21.8 |
4,345 |
1,071 |
14.4 |
11,097 |
| TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS |
6,303 |
- |
- |
7,453 |
- |
- |
Source:
1980 and 1990. Summary
Tape File 3A.
*retirement income in 1990
| YEAR |
1995 |
2000 |
2005 |
2010 |
2015 |
| Wages or Salary |
127,380 |
148,214 |
167,075 |
182,055 |
194,864 |
| Other Labor |
13,573 |
15,219 |
16,550 |
17,439 |
18,077 |
| Proprietors Income |
36,276 |
39,291 |
42,468 |
45,747 |
49,196 |
| Interest, Dividend, Rental |
38,587 |
45,757 |
53,738 |
61,619 |
69,655 |
| Transfer Payments |
38,619 |
45,918 |
53,532 |
60,316 |
66,394 |
| Residence Adjustment |
17,499 |
17,985 |
18,087 |
17,869 |
17,517 |
| TOTAL |
254,435 |
294,401 |
333,363 |
367,176 |
398,186 |
Source:Woods & Poole Economics, Inc., 1991
* Projections
not available for Town of